Buchenwald Concentration Camp - Established in 1937, this was one of the largest concentration camps set up by the Nazis and was known for having some of the most rigorous work conditions. All told, about a quarter of a million people from all over Europe were incarcerated here between July 1937 and April 1945. Camp records show some 34,000 deaths, but the actual number is estimated to be closer to 56,000. Today the camp is a place of remembrance and also houses a museum and documentation center.